Richard S. Schweiker

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Biography

Richard Schultz Schweiker (June 1, 1926, Norristown, Pennsylvania – July 31, 2015, Pomona, New Jersey), Republican.

Richard S. Schweiker represented Pennsylvania's 13th District in the U.S. House (1961–1969) and the state at large in the U.S. Senate (1969–1981), then served as the 14th U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Reagan (1981–1983). He began his career as a moderate Rockefeller Republican and grew steadily more conservative after Reagan named him his preemptive running mate ahead of the 1976 Republican National Convention — an alliance told in full on the Deep Dives tab. The complete chronological record, including his Senate Intelligence Committee work reviewing the original JFK assassination investigation, is on the Timeline tab.

As Secretary, he spent much of his two years defending the department's budget against the administration's own proposed cuts, and his name went on the 1981 Social Security proposal Congress rejected. The more lasting record is quieter: the plan that became Medicare's prospective payment system for hospitals, the Medicaid waiver that let Katie Beckett be cared for at home and became a national option for disabled children, and the first federal tamper-resistant packaging rules after the Tylenol murders. The full account is the "Two Years at HHS" Deep Dive; the regulations he signed and the lawsuits brought against the department have their own pages, HHS Regulations and HHS Litigation.

Claire Schweiker

His wife, Claire Joan Coleman Schweiker, was a Philadelphia native and the valedictorian of her high school class. Before their 1955 marriage, she was the original "Miss Claire" on Romper Room, the pioneering children's educational program then broadcasting out of Philadelphia — one of the show's earliest hostesses, from 1954 to 1956 — and gave it up after she and Richard met and married six months later. Raised, like her husband, in what she called a "strictly Pennsylvania Dutch family that stressed values and service," she would later say the two of them "see our primary purpose in life as serving God."

A 1953 radio and television broadcasting graduate of Temple University — later the first recipient of the school's Alumni in the Media award and a member of its hall of fame — she moved to Washington after her husband's election to the House in 1960. She gave speeches on public service, health, and faith into the early 1990s, served as vice chairman of the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Ball, and was a former president of the District's Republican Wives Club, alongside memberships in the International Club of Washington, the Senate Wives Club, and the Senate Ladies Red Cross Unit. In September 1981, The Washington Dossier put the couple on its cover for a profile titled "For a Healthy America."

Claire Schweiker died April 28, 2013, of respiratory failure at Inova Loudoun Hospital in Leesburg, Virginia, at age 81 — survived by her husband of 57 years, their five children, a sister, and 23 grandchildren.

Legacy: How His Story Gets Retold

His 1976 selection remains the standard historical reference point whenever a presidential candidate considers naming a running mate before securing the nomination. This is a representative sample of that recurring coverage, not an exhaustive news archive.

"A Gamble Gone Wrong"
TIME (cover story) · 1976-08

Contemporary coverage calling Reagan's move "one of the most astonishing and bizarre turnabouts in a campaign full of surprises" after it failed to swing the nomination.

Read it →
Cruz names Fiorina as running mate before the nomination — coverage reaches for the 1976 precedent
NBC News / MSNBC / NPR / TIME / CNBC · 2016-04

When Ted Cruz named Carly Fiorina his running mate before the 2016 nomination was decided, outlets across the board cited the Reagan-Schweiker gambit as the direct historical precedent — and the cautionary tale, since it failed both times.

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"When Ronald Reagan stunned America by picking a liberal running mate"
The Washington Post · 2024-07-11

A Trump-era retrospective using the 1976 episode as the history lesson for modern speculation about unconventional running-mate strategy.

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Authored Works

Three works he wrote or contributed to, drawn from Wikipedia's own bibliography for him.

How to End the Draft: The Case for an All-Volunteer Army (1967)
Co-author, with Reps. Robert T. Stafford, Frank J. Horton, Garner E. Shriver, and Charles W. Whalen Jr. · National Press

An early, detailed case for shifting the United States to an all-volunteer military, later used as a blueprint for the actual transition.

Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities & the Report (1976)
Contributed the introduction · Vintage Books (by Sylvia Meagher)

Written the same year as the Church Committee's review of the original Kennedy assassination investigation.

"Health Care: Making a Good System Better," in A Changing America: Conservatives View the '80s From the United States Senate (1980)
Contributing author · Regnery, edited by Sen. Paul Laxalt and Richard S. Williamson

A chapter-length statement of his health-policy views, published the year before he became HHS Secretary.

Home Life & Career

Timeline

His life and career year by year, from Norristown and the Navy through Congress, the 1976 campaign, HHS and after.

Sources are cited with each entry.

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Home Life & Career

Deep Dives

Long-form, sourced narratives on the chapters of his career that need more than a timeline entry.

Sources and notes follow each piece.

Home Life & Career

Connections

The presidents, senators and other public figures whose careers crossed his, and what the record shows they did together.

Sources: Congress.gov, Voteview.com (UCLA), and this archive's news collection.

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Home In Congress

Topics

Everything on the site about one subject, from bills and floor speeches to archive folders.

Congress.gov policy areas and Penn State's folder categories.

Legislation, floor-record mentions, and archive folders grouped by subject, drawn from Congress.gov's own policy-area tags and the archive's folder categories rather than a separately curated list. Select a topic to view everything on this site connected to it.

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Home In Congress

Legislation

The bills he sponsored and cosponsored in the House and Senate, 1961–1980.

Sources: Congress.gov (Library of Congress), with House-years bills from the Congressional Record.

Congress.gov's bill database reliably covers 1973 (the 93rd Congress) onward; his House years (1961–1969) are represented unevenly as a result. Bills marked from the floor record were identified instead through the Congressional Record's bill-introduction announcements for that period — they carry no committee, cosponsor, or related-bill data, but supplement the earlier record. The Speeches page covers the remainder of that period. Select any bill to view its details.

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Home At HHS

HHS Regulations

The Federal Register documents he signed or approved as Secretary of Health and Human Services, 1981–1983.

Source: the Library of Congress's scans of the Federal Register.

Every Federal Register Document Bearing His Signature

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Home At HHS

HHS Litigation

Published court opinions captioned with his name, as every case against the department was while he was Secretary.

Source: the Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School Library.

Lawsuits against the department were captioned with his name, so this is HHS's court record as much as his own: the Secretary is the named defendant in every Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid appeal, and is substituted automatically when the office changes hands. Cases begun under Patricia Roberts Harris but decided after Jan. 22, 1981 carry his name; most still pending after Feb. 3, 1983 were re-captioned under Margaret Heckler.

How this list was compiled

Compiled from the Caselaw Access Project (Harvard Law School Library) by scanning every opinion published from 1981 through 1989 in the U.S. Reports, Federal Reporter (Second Series), and Federal Supplement for his name in the case caption — 765 opinions and orders. Unpublished dispositions aren't included. Supreme Court order-list entries covering many unrelated cases, and cases where he appeared only as amicus curiae, were excluded. Subjects are assigned from keyword matches in each opinion's text and are approximate: an opinion can have several or none. Influence is CAP's citation-network PageRank percentile across all U.S. case law.

Supreme Court Decisions

Schweiker v. Wilson, 450 U.S. 221 (March 4, 1981)
5–4. Blackmun for the Court; Powell dissenting, joined by Brennan, Marshall, and Stevens.

Upheld, against an equal-protection challenge, the Supplemental Security Income provision that paid a reduced benefit to residents of public institutions receiving Medicaid funds but nothing to residents of public mental institutions that did not. The Court read the line as one between Medicaid-funded and non-Medicaid-funded institutions, not a classification of the mentally ill, and applied rational-basis review.

Why it matters here: Argued in December 1980 under his predecessor, Patricia Roberts Harris; his name is on it because the Secretary is substituted automatically as a party when the office changes hands.

Schweiker v. Hansen, 450 U.S. 785 (April 6, 1981)
Per curiam summary reversal; Marshall dissenting, joined by Brennan.

A Social Security field representative wrongly told a woman she was not eligible for mother's insurance benefits and did not advise her to file a written application. The Court held this did not stop the government from denying her retroactive benefits for the months before she applied in writing: the representative's conduct fell short of "affirmative misconduct," and SSA's internal Claims Manual has no legal force.

Schweiker v. Gray Panthers, 453 U.S. 34 (June 25, 1981)
6–3. Powell for the Court; Stevens dissenting, joined by Brennan and Marshall.

Upheld HHS regulations letting states "deem" part of a spouse's income available to a Medicaid applicant — including an institutionalized applicant — in states that had chosen not to extend Medicaid to all SSI recipients. Because Congress had expressly delegated to the Secretary the power to define what income is "available," his definition was entitled to "legislative effect."

Schweiker v. McClure, 456 U.S. 188 (April 20, 1982)
Unanimous. Powell for the Court.

Upheld Medicare Part B's claims-hearing procedure, in which disputes of $100 or more are heard by officers chosen by the private insurance carriers that administer the program, against a due-process challenge. Hearing officers are presumed impartial, and the carriers pay claims from federal funds, not their own.

Schweiker v. Hogan, 457 U.S. 569 (June 21, 1982)
Unanimous. Stevens for the Court.

Upheld section 1903(f) of the Social Security Act as applied in Massachusetts, where it left self-supporting "medically needy" Social Security recipients with less income than SSI recipients before they qualified for Medicaid. The statute's plain language required that result, and the distinction did not violate equal protection.

Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U.S. 412 (June 24, 1988)
O'Connor for the Court; Stevens concurring in part and in the judgment; Brennan dissenting, joined by Marshall and Blackmun.

People whose Social Security disability benefits were terminated in 1981 and 1982 under the continuing disability review program, and later restored, sued the officials who ran it for money damages. The Court held no such damages remedy is available: Congress had built an elaborate remedial scheme into the Social Security Act, including 1983 and 1984 reforms that continued benefits through appeal.

Why it matters here: The one case here in which he was sued personally rather than only as the officeholder. The complaint named him in his individual capacity over review policies adopted on his watch — among them, the plaintiffs alleged, accelerating the program's start date and refusing to follow federal appeals-court rulings. Decided five years after he left office.

Published Court Opinions Naming Him as a Party

765 of 765 opinions
DecidedCaseCourtSubjectsInfluence
1981-03-04 Schweiker v. Wilson
450 U.S. 221
Supreme Court Supplemental Security Income, Medicaid Top 1%
1981-04-06 Schweiker v. Hansen
450 U.S. 785
Supreme Court Retirement & survivors benefits Top 1%
1981-06-25 Schweiker v. Gray Panthers
453 U.S. 34
Supreme Court Supplemental Security Income, Medicaid, AFDC & welfare Top 1%
1982-03-18 Berry v. Schweiker
675 F.2d 464
2d Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-06-21 McCoy v. Schweiker
683 F.2d 1138
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1988-06-24 Schweiker v. Chilicky
487 U.S. 412
Supreme Court Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Medicare Top 1%
1982-04-20 Schweiker v. McClure
456 U.S. 188
Supreme Court Medicare Top 1%
1983-03-08 Scott v. Schweiker
702 F.2d 13
1st Cir. — Top 1%
1983-06-22 Kent v. Schweiker
710 F.2d 110
3d Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1981-11-30 Cowart v. Schweiker
662 F.2d 731
11th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1983-06-22 Dumas v. Schweiker
712 F.2d 1545
2d Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1981-05-04 Aubeuf v. Schweiker
649 F.2d 107
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1982-06-21 Schweiker v. Hogan
457 U.S. 569
Supreme Court Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income, Retirement & survivors benefits, Medicare, Medicaid, AFDC & welfare Top 1%
1982-07-09 Wiggins v. Schweiker
679 F.2d 1387
11th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1983-09-07 Rivera v. Schweiker
717 F.2d 719
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1983-09-19 Guthrie v. Schweiker
718 F.2d 104
4th Cir. — Top 1%
1984-12-07 Green v. Schweiker
749 F.2d 1066
3d Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-08-09 Rutherford v. Schweiker
685 F.2d 60
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1982-12-21 Whitney v. Schweiker
695 F.2d 784
7th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1983-01-05 McMillian v. Schweiker
697 F.2d 215
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1983-06-30 O'Leary v. Schweiker
710 F.2d 1334
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1984-04-24 Garfield v. Schweiker
732 F.2d 605
7th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-02-18 Patti v. Schweiker
669 F.2d 582
9th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 1%
1982-04-05 Walden v. Schweiker
672 F.2d 835
11th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-12-14 Sample v. Schweiker
694 F.2d 639
9th Cir. — Top 1%
1983-12-12 McDonald v. Schweiker
726 F.2d 311
7th Cir. — Top 1%
1984-01-11 Gordon v. Schweiker
725 F.2d 231
4th Cir. — Top 1%
1984-02-21 Cornella v. Schweiker
728 F.2d 978
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 1%
1981-03-30 Ferguson v. Schweiker
641 F.2d 243
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1981-06-04 Smith v. Schweiker
646 F.2d 1075
5th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 1%
1985-06-11 Ferguson v. Schweiker
765 F.2d 31
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1982-11-12 Simpson v. Schweiker
691 F.2d 966
11th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 1%
1984-04-11 Zblewski v. Schweiker
732 F.2d 75
7th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-03-02 Wolverton v. Schweiker
533 F. Supp. 420
D. Idaho Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-04-08 Santise v. Schweiker
676 F.2d 925
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1983-02-01 Mitchell v. Schweiker
699 F.2d 185
4th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-01-11 Thompson v. Schweiker
665 F.2d 936
9th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 1%
1982-02-02 Cummins v. Schweiker
670 F.2d 81
7th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-05-17 IMFC Professional Services of Florida, Inc. v. Latin American Home Health, Inc.
676 F.2d 152
5th Cir. Medicare Top 1%
1982-06-07 Broz v. Schweiker
677 F.2d 1351
11th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-06-30 Tennant v. Schweiker
682 F.2d 707
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 1%
1982-09-16 Cheshire Hospital v. New Hampshire-Vermont Hospitalization Service, Inc.
689 F.2d 1112
1st Cir. Medicare, Medicaid, Provider reimbursement Top 1%
1983-09-28 Van Horn v. Schweiker
717 F.2d 871
3d Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1981-11-23 Whaley v. Schweiker
663 F.2d 871
9th Cir. Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1981-10-21 Chaney v. Schweiker
659 F.2d 676
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1982-02-16 Berman v. Schweiker
531 F. Supp. 1149
N.D. Ill. — Top 2%
1983-02-01 Grant v. Schweiker
699 F.2d 189
4th Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1983-02-01 Saint Mary of Nazareth Hospital Center v. Department of Health & Human Services
698 F.2d 1337
7th Cir. Medicare, Provider reimbursement Top 2%
1983-02-14 Dietsch v. Schweiker
700 F.2d 865
2d Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1982-06-15 Ocasio v. Schweiker
540 F. Supp. 1320
S.D.N.Y. — Top 2%
1983-04-26 Powderly v. Schweiker
704 F.2d 1092
9th Cir. Retirement & survivors benefits, Overpayments Top 2%
1984-01-12 Tome v. Schweiker
724 F.2d 711
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1981-04-15 Allen v. Schweiker
642 F.2d 799
5th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1981-07-17 Clark v. Schweiker
652 F.2d 399
5th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1983-02-08 Simonson v. Schweiker
699 F.2d 426
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1986-03-14 Page v. Schweiker
786 F.2d 150
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income, Retirement & survivors benefits, Overpayments Top 2%
1986-07-02 Smith v. Schweiker
795 F.2d 343
4th Cir. Disability benefits, Retirement & survivors benefits Top 2%
1981-11-12 Oldham v. Schweiker
660 F.2d 1078
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1982-02-12 Sitar v. Schweiker
671 F.2d 19
1st Cir. Disability benefits Top 2%
1982-09-07 Ward v. Schweiker
686 F.2d 762
9th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1983-06-03 Kinsella v. Schweiker
708 F.2d 1058
6th Cir. — Top 2%
1982-04-12 Schauer v. Schweiker
675 F.2d 55
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 2%
1982-06-25 Viehman v. Schweiker
679 F.2d 223
11th Cir. Disability benefits, Retirement & survivors benefits, Overpayments Top 2%
1983-06-27 Chico v. Schweiker
710 F.2d 947
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 2%
1981-04-03 White Memorial Medical Center v. Schweiker
640 F.2d 1126
9th Cir. Medicare, Provider reimbursement Top 3%
1981-09-08 Scharlow v. Schweiker
655 F.2d 645
5th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 3%
1983-07-27 Berman v. Schweiker
713 F.2d 1290
7th Cir. Civil rights Top 3%
1982-10-05 Tucker v. Schweiker
689 F.2d 777
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 3%
1982-06-28 Day v. Schweiker
685 F.2d 19
2d Cir. Disability benefits, Retirement & survivors benefits Top 3%
1983-08-18 Kuzmin v. Schweiker
714 F.2d 1233
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 3%
1983-10-06 Dotson v. Schweiker
719 F.2d 80
4th Cir. Disability benefits Top 3%
1984-03-07 Smith v. Schweiker
728 F.2d 1158
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Supplemental Security Income Top 3%
1984-04-25 Ledoux v. Schweiker
732 F.2d 1385
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations, Supplemental Security Income Top 3%
1982-04-15 Blankenship v. Schweiker
676 F.2d 116
4th Cir. Black lung Top 3%
1983-02-28 Penner v. Schweiker
701 F.2d 256
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Retirement & survivors benefits Top 3%
1981-11-05 Cassiday v. Schweiker
663 F.2d 745
7th Cir. Disability benefits, Disability terminations Top 3%
1983-06-14 Munsinger v. Schweiker
709 F.2d 1212
8th Cir. Disability benefits, Overpayments Top 3%
1982-07-29 Freeman v. Schweiker
681 F.2d 727
11th Cir. Disability benefits Top 4%
1981-07-24 Ware v. Schweiker
651 F.2d 408
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 4%
1981-07-21 Northlake Community Hospital v. United States
654 F.2d 1234
7th Cir. Medicare, Medicaid Top 4%
1982-07-08 Burnam v. Schweiker
682 F.2d 456
3d Cir. — Top 4%
1984-01-12 Millner v. Schweiker
725 F.2d 243
4th Cir. Disability benefits Top 4%
1982-05-03 Buschmann v. Schweiker
676 F.2d 352
9th Cir. Supplemental Security Income Top 4%
1982-11-30 Hornal v. Schweiker
551 F. Supp. 612
M.D. Tenn. — Top 4%
1983-02-18 McShea v. Schweiker
700 F.2d 117
3d Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 4%
1986-01-15 Ellender v. Schweiker
781 F.2d 314
2d Cir. — Top 4%
1983-05-06 State of Illinois, Department of Public Aid v. Schweiker
707 F.2d 273
7th Cir. Medicaid Top 4%
1983-06-10 Hoang Ha v. Schweiker
707 F.2d 1104
9th Cir. — Top 4%
1981-07-17 Anderson v. Schweiker
651 F.2d 306
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 4%
1983-09-01 McLain v. Schweiker
715 F.2d 866
4th Cir. — Top 4%
1983-01-26 McDonald v. Schweiker
698 F.2d 361
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 5%
1982-01-15 Philadelphia Citizens in Action v. Schweiker
669 F.2d 877
3d Cir. Disability terminations, AFDC & welfare Top 5%
1982-08-18 Americana Healthcare Corp. v. Schweiker
688 F.2d 1072
7th Cir. Medicare, Medicaid Top 5%
1982-06-04 Smith v. Schweiker
677 F.2d 826
11th Cir. — Top 5%
1983-08-18 Nettles v. Schweiker
714 F.2d 833
8th Cir. Disability benefits Top 5%
1984-01-24 Smith v. Schweiker
719 F.2d 723
4th Cir. Disability benefits Top 5%
1984-03-09 Strittmatter v. Schweiker
729 F.2d 507
7th Cir. Disability benefits Top 5%
1981-03-25 Rodriguez v. Schweiker
640 F.2d 682
5th Cir. Disability benefits Top 5%
1984-05-09 Palmiter v. Action, Inc.
733 F.2d 1244
7th Cir. — Top 5%
1981-08-10 Lofton v. Schweiker
653 F.2d 215
5th Cir. Disability benefits, Supplemental Security Income Top 6%

Home In Congress

Voting Record

Every recorded roll-call vote he cast: House 1961–1969, Senate 1969–1981.

Source: Voteview.com (UCLA).

DateChamberBillDescriptionHis VoteResult
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Home In Congress

Speeches & Floor Record

His floor statements and other appearances in the Congressional Record, 1961–1983, with full transcripts where available.

Source: GovInfo.gov's digitized Congressional Record.

Full Floor Record

DateTitleSource
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Home Coverage & Media

In the News

Newspaper coverage that names him, 1955–1995.

Sources: The New York Times, Penn State's Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive, and the Library of Congress.

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DateNewspaperPassage
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Home Coverage & Media

Photographs

Public-domain photographs, and a guide to the photograph collection in his papers.

Sources: the U.S. Senate, the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine, and Penn State.

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Home Coverage & Media

Video & Audio

Footage of him from C-SPAN, the Reagan Library and documentaries about the Church Committee.

Sources: C-SPAN and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

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Home For Researchers

Archive Finder

A searchable guide to the boxes and folders of his papers at Penn State.

Source: Penn State's finding aid for the Richard S. Schweiker papers.

This site covers what is digitized and publicly searchable. For personal correspondence, internal drafts, press statements, and other material not represented elsewhere here, the primary source is the physical collection below. Search a topic to identify the box and folder that hold it, so a research visit can begin with a precise list rather than an open-ended search.

Folder TitleCategoryBoxFolder
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